Feeding bees pollen or pollen substitutes is a crucial aspect of beekeeping, especially when natural pollen sources are insufficient or when brood rearing needs to be encouraged. The timing of feeding pollen depends on various factors, including local conditions, the availability of natural pollen, and the specific goals of the beekeeper. Early spring is often the best time to start feeding pollen substitutes, particularly after providing a light syrup stimulatory feed to encourage the queen to increase egg laying. Pollen supplements should also be considered during pollen dearths, prior to honey flows, in the fall when the last rounds of brood are being raised, and during specific agricultural events like almond blooms. It is advisable to always keep some pollen substitute on hand for emergencies, but it should be used judiciously to avoid unnecessary brood rearing and resource consumption.

Key Points Explained:

1. Early Spring Feeding:

   • The best time to feed pollen substitute is in early spring. This is when bees are coming out of winter and the queen is beginning to increase egg laying.
   • Providing a light syrup stimulatory feed before introducing pollen substitutes can help encourage the queen to lay more eggs, ensuring a strong colony as the season progresses.

2. Local Conditions and Natural Pollen Availability:

   • The timing of pollen feeding should be adjusted based on local conditions and the availability of natural pollen sources.
   • If natural pollen is abundant, supplemental feeding may not be necessary. However, in areas where pollen is scarce, feeding pollen substitutes can help support brood rearing and colony health.

3. Pollen Dearth Periods:

   • Pollen supplements should be fed during periods of pollen dearth, when natural pollen is not available.
   • Appropriate times include prior to honey flows, in the fall when the last rounds of brood are being raised, and during specific agricultural events like almond blooms.

4. Emergency Preparedness:

   • It is recommended to always keep some pollen substitute on hand for emergencies. Unexpected events, such as sudden weather changes or disease outbreaks, can disrupt natural pollen collection.
   • However, pollen substitutes should be used only when necessary to avoid unnecessary brood rearing and resource consumption.

5. Creating Pollen Patties:

   • Pollen or pollen substitutes are typically mixed with syrup to create pollen patties. These patties are easy for bees to consume and provide the necessary nutrients for brood rearing.
   • Feeding should be timed appropriately to ensure the bees are ready for it, as premature feeding can lead to unnecessary brood rearing and resource consumption.

6. Judicious Use of Pollen Substitutes:

   • Pollen substitutes should not be used indiscriminately. They should be employed when there is a clear need, such as during pollen dearths or when specific brood rearing goals are in place.
   • Overuse of pollen substitutes can lead to an imbalance in the colony, with too much brood being reared and not enough resources to support them.

By understanding these key points, beekeepers can make informed decisions about when and how to feed pollen or pollen substitutes to their bees, ensuring the health and productivity of their colonies.

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