What is propolis and how is it made? Discover Nature’s Bee Glue

Propolis, often referred to as "bee glue," is a natural resinous substance produced by honeybees. It is created when bees collect sap from trees and plants, mix it with their own enzymes and beeswax, and use it to seal and protect their hives. Propolis has antimicrobial properties and serves multiple functions in the hive, including sealing cracks, embalming intruders, and disinfecting surfaces. It can also be processed into tinctures or oils for human use, leveraging its health benefits. The composition of propolis varies but typically includes balsams, waxes, essential oils, and pollen, along with vitamins and minerals.

Key Points Explained:

1. What is Propolis?

   • Propolis is a sticky, resinous substance made by honeybees.
   • It is often called "bee glue" because of its adhesive properties.
   • Bees create it by combining tree sap, plant resins, their own secretions, and beeswax.

2. How Do Bees Make Propolis?

   • Forager bees collect resin from trees like poplar, birch, and conifers, which the trees use as a natural defense against pests and infections.
   • The bees carry the resin back to the hive on their legs, similar to how they transport pollen.
   • Inside the hive, worker bees mix the resin with wax and enzymes to form propolis.

3. Functions of Propolis in the Hive

   • Sealant: Used to fill gaps and smooth rough surfaces in the hive.
   • Disinfectant: Its antimicrobial properties help keep the hive clean.
   • Embalming Agent: Bees use it to encase dead intruders, preventing decay.

4. Composition of Propolis

   • Approximately 50% balsams, 30% waxes, 10% essential oils, and 5% pollen.
   • The remaining portion consists of amino acids, vitamins, and minerals.

5. How Propolis is Harvested and Processed for Human Use

   • Propolis Traps: Beekeepers place mesh traps in hives, which bees fill with propolis. These traps are later removed and the propolis is scraped off.
   • Alcohol Tincture: Made by mixing propolis with alcohol (e.g., 1 part propolis to 9 parts 75-proof alcohol), shaking daily for two weeks, then straining.
   • Oil Tincture: Prepared by heating propolis with oil (e.g., olive oil) below 120°F, then straining and storing in dark glass.

6. Uses Beyond the Hive

   • Propolis is used in natural medicine for its antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory properties.
   • It can be found in supplements, throat sprays, and skincare products.

Propolis is a fascinating example of how bees utilize natural resources to maintain hive health, and its benefits extend into human wellness applications. Have you considered how this natural "bee glue" might support your own health routines?

Summary Table:

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