To build a hive-top feeder, the essential consumable supplies you must acquire are galvanized mesh material (such as gutter screen), 1 1/4 inch deck screws, and approximately 3 ounces (75 g) of beeswax. For a more durable construction, you may optionally include corrugated joint fasteners and moisture-resistant wood glue.
Success in building this feeder relies on combining simple hardware with proper waterproofing. While screws and mesh form the structure, the beeswax is the critical component that seals the wood, preventing syrup from leaking into the hive.
Essential Building Materials
Structural Fasteners
You will need 1 1/4 inch deck screws.
These are the primary fasteners used to assemble the wooden components of the feeder.
Screening Material
Galvanized mesh material is required for the bees to access the syrup without drowning.
Standard gutter screen is an effective and readily available option for this specific application.
Waterproofing Agent
You must procure approximately 3 ounces (75 g) of beeswax.
This is not for structural support but is melted down to coat the interior, creating a watertight seal for the syrup reservoir.
Optional Supplies for Durability
Adhesives
Moisture-resistant wood glue is an optional addition to your supply list.
While the feeder can be built without it, glue helps seal joints against moisture and adds significant rigidity to the structure.
Joint Reinforcement
Corrugated joint fasteners can be used in addition to screws.
These provide extra holding power at the corners of the feeder, helping to maintain squareness over time.
Required Tools for Assembly
Cutting and Shaping
To cut the structural elements, you need a table saw or radial arm saw.
While a dado blade is optional, the necessary cuts can be achieved using a standard blade.
Metal Work
You need metal snips to cut the galvanized mesh to the correct dimensions.
Assembly Hardware
A cordless drill or screwdriver is required for driving the deck screws.
You will also need a hammer and a staple gun to secure the mesh and fasteners.
Wax Application Tools
For the waterproofing process, you need a saucepan and a heat-resistant measuring cup to melt the beeswax safely.
Have an inexpensive nylon paintbrush ready to apply the hot wax to the interior surfaces.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Durability vs. Disassembly
Using moisture-resistant wood glue makes the feeder significantly stronger and less prone to leaks.
However, once glued, the components cannot be easily taken apart for repairs or modifications. If you anticipate needing to replace parts of the wood later, you might rely solely on screws.
Mesh Selection
Using galvanized mesh is critical because it resists rust in the moist environment of a feeder.
Substituting this with non-galvanized metal will lead to corrosion, potentially contaminating the feed and requiring difficult repairs later.
Making the Right Choice for Your Build
- If your primary focus is maximum longevity: Include the moisture-resistant wood glue and corrugated joint fasteners to ensure the feeder remains watertight and rigid for many seasons.
- If your primary focus is simplicity or speed: Stick to the essential 1 1/4 inch screws and beeswax, which will create a functional feeder without the extra drying time or cost of glue.
Ensure you have your heat-resistant cup and saucepan ready before you begin, as the waxing process must be done while the wax is hot and fluid.
Summary Table:
| Category | Item | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| Fasteners | 1 1/4 inch deck screws | Primary assembly of wooden components |
| Screening | Galvanized mesh (gutter screen) | Bee access and drowning prevention |
| Sealing | 3 oz (75g) Beeswax | Waterproofing the interior reservoir |
| Durability | Wood glue & Corrugated fasteners | Optional joint reinforcement |
| Tools | Table saw, Drill, Staple gun | Cutting, assembly, and mesh attachment |
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