The primary purpose of a division board feeder is to provide a secure, internal source of liquid syrup to a honey bee colony. By replacing a standard frame within the hive body, these feeders deliver essential nutrition while significantly reducing the risk of "robbing" by intruder bees.
The division board feeder is a strategic tool for resource management. It prioritizes hive security by keeping the food source entirely contained within the hive, making it the preferred choice when preventing theft by neighboring colonies is a critical concern.
The Mechanics of Internal Feeding
Placement Within the Hive
Division board feeders are designed to fit the specific dimensions of a hive body. They are inserted directly into the box, taking the place of a standard wooden frame.
Proximity to the Cluster
Because the feeder sits "between two hive frames," it places food immediately adjacent to the bee cluster. This ensures the colony has easy access to the syrup without leaving the safety of the hive.
Strategic Advantages
Minimizing the Risk of Robbing
The most significant advantage of this feeder type is security. "Robbing" occurs when stronger colonies detect syrup and attack a weaker hive to steal its resources.
Containing the Scent
External feeders can release the scent of sugar syrup into the air, attracting predators and robber bees. Division board feeders contain the liquid inside the hive, masking the scent from outsiders.
Supporting Colony Health
These feeders provide a steady supply of nutrition. This is vital for colony survival during late summer dearths, winter preparation, or when establishing a new colony that lacks natural forage.
Operational Trade-offs
Accessibility for Refilling
While secure, these feeders are fully enclosed. To check syrup levels or refill the reservoir, the beekeeper must open the hive cover, which can disturb the colony more than using an external device.
Maintenance and Cleaning
Because they hold a significant volume of liquid inside the hive, care must be taken to ensure the syrup does not ferment. Regular monitoring is required to maintain a healthy food supply.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
When deciding if a division board feeder is appropriate for your management style, consider the current environmental conditions and the strength of your colony.
- If your primary focus is Hive Security: Use division board feeders during nectar dearths to prevent strong colonies from overpowering and robbing weaker hives.
- If your primary focus is Colony Establishment: Use this internal method to provide a massive, accessible calorie boost to new swarms or packages trying to draw comb.
By securing the food source inside the hive walls, you protect your bees' resources when they are most vulnerable.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Division Board Feeder | External/Entrance Feeder |
|---|---|---|
| Placement | Internal (replaces a frame) | External (hive entrance or top) |
| Robbing Risk | Minimal (scent is contained) | High (scent attracts outsiders) |
| Access | Requires opening the hive | Easy access without opening |
| Best For | Weak colonies, new packages | Monitoring during high nectar flow |
| Core Benefit | Security & temperature stability | Convenience & visibility |
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