Sticky boards serve as a critical, non-invasive diagnostic tool designed to capture and quantify Varroa mites that fall from the colony to the hive floor. By providing an adhesive surface, usually placed beneath a screened bottom board, they permanently trap mites shed naturally or induced by treatments, allowing beekeepers to calculate infestation levels without harming the bees.
Core Takeaway Sticky boards transform the physical "mite drop" into actionable data by preventing dislodged mites from returning to the colony. They are the primary instrument for assessing natural infestation pressure, verifying the colony's hygienic grooming traits, and objectively measuring the kill-rate of pest control treatments.
The Mechanics of Accurate Detection
Securing the Sample
The fundamental role of the sticky board is to ensure sample integrity. Hive environments are dynamic, characterized by ventilation currents, bee movement, and vibration. The adhesive layer secures fallen mites immediately, preventing them from being blown away or lost to air currents before they can be counted.
Preventing Re-infestation
Without a sticky surface, a fallen mite is often still alive and capable of latching back onto a passing bee. The adhesive immobilizes the parasite, preventing it from crawling back up into the brood nest to re-parasitize the host. This also prevents worker bees from physically removing the dead mites during their cleaning routines, which would skew data collection.
Enhancing Visual Identification
Most sticky boards utilize a white background to contrast against the reddish-brown Varroa mite. This visual aid is essential for laboratory personnel or beekeepers to accurately distinguish mites from hive debris. It provides the direct physical basis for calculating precise counts, such as the 24-hour natural mite drop.
Strategic Applications in Apiary Management
Assessing Baseline Infestation
Sticky boards provide a snapshot of the natural mite drop—the number of mites dying or falling off bees daily without chemical intervention. By counting these drops over a specific period, technicians can quantify the initial parasitic pressure on the colony. This data helps establish whether an infestation has reached a threshold requiring immediate intervention.
Evaluating Treatment Efficacy
The boards are indispensable for verifying if a medical treatment is actually working. By comparing mite drops before, during, and after medication, you can map mite drop dynamics. A high drop count immediately following treatment indicates the protocol is effectively dislodging parasites, allowing for a calculation of overall control efficiency.
Monitoring Hygienic Traits
Beyond simple counts, sticky boards can offer indirect insights into the colony's genetics. They capture mites that bees have actively groomed off themselves or nestmates. This allows researchers to assess the natural mite-shedding ability of specific colonies, correlating drop rates with the bees' defensive behavior.
Integration with Hive Hardware
The Screened Bottom Board System
Sticky boards are rarely used in isolation; they are typically paired with screened bottom boards. The mesh screen acts as a filter, allowing small mites to fall through while keeping the bees separated from the debris. The sticky board is inserted beneath this screen, creating a dual-layer system that maximizes mite capture while keeping the monitoring tool non-invasive.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Non-Invasive vs. Immediate Precision
While sticky boards are excellent because they do not kill bees (unlike alcohol washes), they act as a lagging indicator. They measure mites that have fallen, which requires extrapolation to estimate the total population remaining on the bees. They are best for trend analysis rather than an instant census of the phoretic mite load.
Environmental Interference
While the adhesive resists wind, the board captures everything that falls, including wax cappings, pollen, and general hive debris. In highly active hives, excessive debris can obscure mites, making visual identification time-consuming. Accurate reading requires frequent board replacement or cleaning to prevent saturation.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
To use sticky boards effectively, align your usage with your specific data requirements:
- If your primary focus is Determining Treatment Success: Place the board immediately before applying medication and check every 24 hours to quantify the "shock" drop and verify the chemical's potency.
- If your primary focus is Long-Term Health Monitoring: Insert boards for 3-day intervals once a month to track seasonal population trends without depleting your bee workforce.
The sticky board is the bridge between a vague suspicion of mites and a quantified, evidence-based management strategy.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Function & Role in Mite Monitoring |
|---|---|
| Adhesive Surface | Secures fallen mites to prevent re-infestation and loss to air currents. |
| Screened Pairing | Works with bottom boards to filter debris and protect bees during monitoring. |
| White Background | Enhances visual contrast for easier identification and precise mite counting. |
| Data Collection | Enables calculation of natural mite drop rates and chemical treatment kill-rates. |
| Non-Invasive | Allows for population assessment without the need to sacrifice bees. |
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References
- Selvinar SEVEN-ÇAKMAK. BAL ARISI (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) KOLONİLERİNDE PUDRA ŞEKERİ YÖNTEMİ İLE VARROA (Varroa destructor) BULAŞIKLIK SEVİYESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ VE KOLONİ SEÇİMİ. DOI: 10.31467/uluaricilik.373723
This article is also based on technical information from HonestBee Knowledge Base .
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