What should be considered when applying oxalic acid during the summer? Essential Safety & Timing Tips

Applying oxalic acid during the summer requires careful consideration due to the unique challenges posed by the season. While it remains an effective treatment for Varroa mites, its efficacy is limited by the high number of mites in capped cells. Strategic application, proper safety measures, and environmental conditions are critical to ensure both effectiveness and safety.

Key Points Explained:

1. Limited Reachability of Varroa Mites

   • During summer, a significant portion of Varroa mites reside in capped brood cells, making them inaccessible to oxalic acid.
   • Only mites on adult bees or outside cells can be effectively treated, meaning repeated applications may be necessary.
   • Strategic timing (e.g., during brood breaks or low brood periods) can improve effectiveness.

2. Safety Precautions for Application

   • Always wear protective gear, including an acid gas respirator (e.g., N95 mask) and gloves, to prevent inhalation or skin contact.
   • Use an oxalic acid vaporizer properly to minimize vapor leakage and ensure controlled dispersion.
   • Stay upwind of the hive during treatment to avoid inhaling fumes.

3. Environmental and Temperature Considerations

   • Avoid application during extreme heat, as high temperatures can increase vapor concentration and risk to bees and beekeepers.
   • Do not treat hives in very cold conditions (below 40°F), but summer applications should focus on avoiding midday heat.
   • Ensure proper ventilation to prevent excessive buildup of oxalic acid vapor inside the hive.

4. Proper Application Technique

   • Use a syringe to apply a controlled dose (no more than 5 cc per frame space) to avoid overdosing bees.
   • A maximum of 50 cc per hive is recommended to prevent harm to the colony.
   • If spills occur, have water ready to dilute the acid immediately.

5. Strategic Timing for Maximum Impact

   • Apply oxalic acid during periods of low brood production (e.g., early summer or late summer) to target more exposed mites.
   • Consider combining with other mite management techniques (e.g., drone brood removal) for better long-term control.

By addressing these factors, beekeepers can safely and effectively use oxalic acid in summer while minimizing risks to both bees and themselves.

Summary Table:

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