Placing an empty hive box around a top feeder is a mandatory step for securing your apiary's resources. This empty shell serves two primary functions: it creates a weather-proof barrier against sun, wind, and rain, and it establishes a defensive perimeter that prevents robber bees from adjacent colonies from stealing the sugar syrup.
The empty box acts as a secure "attic" for the hive, enclosing the feeder to protect the colony’s food source from environmental stress and external theft.
Environmental Protection
Shielding from the Elements
Top feeders are generally not designed to be exposed directly to the outdoors. The empty box acts as a shield, preventing rain from diluting the syrup or flooding the feeder, which could harm the bees.
Temperature Regulation
Direct sunlight on a plastic or wooden feeder can heat the syrup rapidly. The empty box provides shade and insulation, keeping the food at a stable temperature that is safe for consumption.
Wind Resistance
Strong winds can dislodge lightweight feeders or blow off their lids. The surrounding box ensures the structural integrity of the hive stack, keeping the feeder firmly in place.
Colony Security and Defense
Stopping Robber Bees
Sugar syrup has a potent scent that attracts bees from other colonies, wasps, and other insects. If a feeder is exposed, it acts as an open invitation for robber bees to attack.
Controlling Access Points
By enclosing the feeder, you force all traffic to go through the hive's main entrance. This allows the colony's guard bees to defend their resources effectively, rather than leaving the top of the hive vulnerable.
Operational Mechanics
Proper Assembly
The feeder is placed directly on top of the frames or inner cover. The empty box (a deep or medium super) is placed around it, and the telescoping outer cover is placed on top of that empty box.
Reducing Bee Mortality
While the empty box handles external threats, internal safety is also key. Many round top feeders include an insert or cap specifically designed to limit access to the liquid, significantly reducing the risk of bees drowning while they feed.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Inspecting for Gaps
The most common mistake is using an empty box that is warped or damaged. If there is a gap between the empty box and the box below it, robber bees will find it and bypass the hive's main defenses.
Heat and Humidity Build-up
In extremely hot climates, an enclosed feeder can trap significant heat or moisture. Ensure you are using the correct cover setup to allow for necessary ventilation without compromising security.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
- If your primary focus is preventing robbing: Ensure the empty box sits flush against the hive body below it to eliminate any "backdoor" entrances for intruders.
- If your primary focus is weather protection: Verify that your telescoping outer cover fits securely over the top of the empty box to prevent water infiltration during storms.
This simple setup transforms a vulnerable feeding station into a secure, integrated part of your hive infrastructure.
Summary Table:
| Function | Primary Benefit | Key Protection Provided |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Shield | Climate Control | Prevents syrup dilution from rain and overheating from direct sunlight. |
| Colony Defense | Anti-Robbing | Conceals the scent of syrup and forces intruders through the guarded main entrance. |
| Structural Integrity | Stability | Secures the feeder against high winds and ensures a flush fit for the outer cover. |
| Operational Safety | Reduced Mortality | Works with feeder inserts to prevent bee drowning while maintaining a secure "attic." |
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