A feeder in a beehive serves as a supplemental food source for honeybees during periods when natural nectar is scarce, such as winter or drought. Beekeepers fill feeders with sugar syrup or granulated sugar to ensure the colony doesn't starve. The feeder is typically placed on top of the inner cover, protected by an additional box and the hive cover, maintaining accessibility while shielding it from weather. This practice supports colony survival and health when foraging opportunities are limited.
Key Points Explained:
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Primary Purpose: Supplemental Nutrition
- Feeders provide artificial sustenance (sugar syrup or granulated sugar) when natural nectar is unavailable due to seasonal "nectar dearth" (e.g., winter, extreme weather).
- Prevents colony collapse by ensuring bees have energy for brood rearing and hive maintenance.
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Placement and Protection
- Feeders are positioned above the inner cover hole, allowing bees to access food without disrupting hive structure.
- An empty box surrounds the feeder to shield it from rain, wind, and pests, while the hive cover adds insulation and ventilation.
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Types of Feeders
- Boardman feeders: Attach to the hive entrance but may attract pests.
- Top feeders: Sit inside the hive body, reducing robbing risks.
- Frame feeders: Replace a comb frame, ideal for smaller colonies.
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Seasonal Importance
- Critical in early spring (stimulates brood production) and autumn (prepares bees for winter).
- Avoids over-reliance in summer when natural forage is abundant.
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Beekeeper Considerations
- Monitor syrup levels to prevent mold or fermentation.
- Use 1:1 sugar-water ratio for spring (stimulative) and 2:1 for fall (winter stores).
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Hive Integration
- Works alongside other components (e.g., hive stand, frames) to maintain hive stability.
- Proper placement ensures minimal disturbance during inspections.
By understanding these nuances, beekeepers can optimize feeder use to support colony resilience while mimicking natural foraging conditions.
Summary Table:
| Purpose | Key Details |
|---|---|
| Supplemental Nutrition | Provides sugar syrup/granulated sugar during nectar dearth (winter/drought). |
| Placement | Positioned above inner cover, shielded by an empty box and hive cover. |
| Types | Boardman (entrance), top (hive body), frame (replaces comb). |
| Seasonal Use | Spring (1:1 ratio for brood), fall (2:1 ratio for winter stores). |
| Beekeeper Tips | Monitor syrup levels; avoid summer overuse. |
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