Top feeders are a practical solution for beekeepers to provide supplemental nutrition to their colonies during critical periods. They are particularly useful when establishing new colonies, during nectar scarcity, or in preparation for winter. Proper placement and maintenance of the feeder, along with considerations like pest protection and drowning prevention, ensure its effectiveness. Timing the feeding 2-3 months before winter helps colonies build sufficient reserves for survival.
Key Points Explained:
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Establishing New Colonies
- When introducing a package of bees or a nucleus colony, a top feeder bees is essential because the bees lack stored resources.
- Feeding helps them draw comb, rear brood, and establish a strong population before foraging becomes viable.
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Periods of Scarcity
- During droughts, late winter, or early spring when natural nectar sources are limited, supplemental feeding prevents starvation.
- Liquid sugar syrup (1:1 or 2:1 sugar-to-water ratio) mimics nectar and stimulates brood rearing.
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Winter Preparation
- Feeding 2-3 months before the first frost ensures colonies store enough honey or syrup to survive winter.
- Pairing syrup with pollen substitutes (e.g., patties) supports brood health and immune systems.
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Feeder Placement and Maintenance
- Place the feeder on top of the hive’s uppermost box, shielded by an empty super to protect from weather and robbers.
- Regularly inspect for refilling needs, mold, or contamination. Ensure the hardware cloth is "bee tight" to prevent drowning.
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Advantages Over Other Feeders
- Holds larger volumes (reducing refill frequency).
- Minimizes robbing by keeping feed inside the hive.
- Works well with Langstroth hives and allows easy access without disturbing the brood nest.
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Colony-Specific Considerations
- Assess hive strength, local forage availability, and climate to adjust feeding schedules.
- Weak colonies may need prolonged support, while strong ones might require less intervention.
By aligning feeding strategies with colony needs, beekeepers can optimize hive health and productivity year-round.
Summary Table:
| When to Use a Top Feeder | Key Benefits |
|---|---|
| Establishing new colonies | Supports comb building, brood rearing, and population growth. |
| Nectar scarcity periods | Prevents starvation with sugar syrup (1:1 or 2:1 ratio). |
| Winter preparation | Ensures sufficient honey/syrup stores 2-3 months before frost. |
| Feeder placement | Shielded by an empty super to deter pests and weather damage. |
| Maintenance | Regular checks for refills, mold, and drowning prevention. |
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