Wide-mouth plastic bottles are the standard choice for collecting Africanized honey bee samples because they combine chemical resistance with a physical design that ensures sample integrity. They allow for the rapid collection of bees and safe storage in high-concentration alcohol without degrading the container or physically crushing the specimens.
Effective sampling requires more than just capture; it requires preservation. Wide-mouth plastic bottles provide the chemical durability to hold strong preservatives while offering a geometry that prevents physical damage to the bees during collection and transport.
The Mechanics of Efficient Collection
Facilitating Rapid Transfer
Speed is often essential when working with Africanized honey bee colonies. The wide-mouth design is functionally critical because it removes physical obstructions during the transfer process.
This design facilitates the rapid pouring of adult bees into the container. It minimizes the dexterity required in the field, allowing researchers to secure the sample quickly without fumbling with narrow openings.
Preventing Sample Compression
The physical condition of the bee is vital for accurate laboratory analysis. Narrow containers often require force to insert the sample, leading to crushed or distorted specimens.
Wide-mouth bottles allow the samples to settle naturally. This ensures the bees are not subjected to compression, preserving the morphological features necessary for detailed study.
Material Compatibility and Preservation
Chemical Stability and Durability
Biological samples are typically preserved in high concentrations of alcohol to prevent decay. The container must be able to withstand this harsh environment without failing.
The plastic used in these specific bottles offers excellent chemical stability. It does not degrade, dissolve, or become brittle when exposed to alcohol, ensuring the preservative remains contained and effective.
Ensuring Complete Submersion
Preservation fails if the specimen is exposed to air. The volume and shape of wide-mouth bottles are designed to ensure samples can be completely submerged in the preservative liquid immediately.
This total immersion is critical. It stops decomposition instantly and maintains the sample's biological fidelity from the moment of collection until it reaches the lab.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Leak Potential vs. Accessibility
While a wide mouth improves accessibility, it also creates a larger perimeter that must be sealed. The cap and threading mechanism are critical points of failure.
If the lid is not secured perfectly, the larger surface area increases the risk of alcohol evaporation or leakage during transport compared to narrow-neck bottles.
Material Selection
Not all plastics are equal. While the reference highlights the utility of plastic for durability, using a low-quality plastic that lacks chemical resistance to alcohol will result in container failure.
You must ensure the specific plastic type is rated for long-term storage of solvents. A generic wide-mouth bottle may warp or crack if it is not chemically compatible with the preservative used.
Ensuring High-Quality Data Collection
To ensure your samples remain viable for laboratory analysis, select your equipment based on your specific operational priorities.
- If your primary focus is Field Efficiency: Prioritize bottles with the widest possible opening to maximize pouring speed and reduce handling time.
- If your primary focus is Specimen Integrity: Ensure the bottle volume is sufficient to allow for complete liquid submersion without packing the bees tightly.
Selecting the right hardware is the first step in ensuring field samples yield accurate and usable laboratory results.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Benefit for Bee Sampling | Impact on Analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Wide-Mouth Design | Facilitates rapid transfer and prevents specimen compression. | Preserves morphological features for accurate study. |
| Chemical Resistance | Withstands high-concentration alcohol preservatives. | Prevents container degradation and preservative leakage. |
| Sufficient Volume | Allows for complete submersion of adult bees. | Stops decomposition instantly and ensures biological fidelity. |
| Plastic Durability | Resists impact and breakage during field transport. | Ensures sample safety from the apiary to the laboratory. |
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References
- Rafael A. Calderón, Marianyela Ramírez. Estudio preliminar sobre la presencia de enfermedades en enjambres de abejas africanizadas (Apis mellifera) en diferentes zonas de Costa Rica. DOI: 10.15359/rcv.37-1.2
This article is also based on technical information from HonestBee Knowledge Base .
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