Catch boxes serve as strategic, temporary settlement nodes designed to facilitate the capture and expansion of honeybee colonies. They function by utilizing attractants—such as propolis, wax, or specific pheromones—to lure wild swarms during the natural swarming season, allowing beekeepers to secure a new colony before transferring it into a permanent hive.
The core value of a catch box is that it converts a natural, uncontrolled biological event (swarming) into a managed asset. It acts as a transitional vessel, allowing a colony to establish itself in a controlled environment before being moved to a standardized production hive for long-term management.
The Mechanics of Colony Capture
Leveraging Olfactory Lures
Success depends on mimicking the scent profile of an established, safe hive. Beekeepers apply propolis, wax, or pheromone lures inside the box to attract scout bees looking for a new home.
These materials signal to the swarm that the location is suitable for habitation.
Temporary Settlement
Once the swarm accepts the catch box, they begin the critical process of building combs within it.
This early construction phase anchors the colony to the box. It transforms the swarm from a transient cluster of bees into a functional unit that is storing resources and raising brood.
Transition to Production
The catch box is not a permanent home; it is a transfer tool. Once the colony has settled and comb construction is underway, the beekeeper transfers the bees and frames into a standardized production hive.
This step enables semi-artificial intervention, allowing the beekeeper to integrate the new colony into their wider apiary for efficient resource collection.
Comparison with Other Expansion Methods
Catch Boxes vs. Package Bees
While catch boxes rely on capturing wild stock, package bee cages are used for introducing purchased stock.
Package cages are wire-mesh transport units designed for logistics (holding 1–2.5 kg of bees and a queen), whereas catch boxes are stationary traps designed for natural colonization. Catch boxes capture local genetics; package cages introduce imported genetics.
The Role of Foundation Comb
To ensure the catch box colony transitions smoothly to a permanent hive, beekeepers often employ foundation comb.
These beeswax sheets provide a physical template for the bees. This ensures that the comb built within the catch box (or the subsequent hive) is flat and standardized, which is essential for future mechanized extraction.
Operational Considerations and Trade-offs
Predictability vs. Cost
Catch boxes are a low-cost method of expansion, but they are highly unpredictable.
Unlike purchasing package bees, which guarantees a specific number of workers and a queen, a catch box may sit empty for an entire season if local swarming activity is low or lures are ineffective.
Timing the Transfer
Leaving a swarm in a catch box for too long creates management issues.
Because catch boxes are small, they lack the space provided by supers (additional storage boxes used in production hives). If the colony is not transferred quickly, they will overcrowd and may swarm again, defeating the purpose of the capture.
Optimizing Your Expansion Strategy
To determine if catch boxes are the right tool for your apiary, consider your primary resources: time and budget.
- If your primary focus is low-cost expansion: Deploy catch boxes baited with pheromones or propolis during swarm season to capture free local stock.
- If your primary focus is rapid, guaranteed growth: Utilize package bees for immediate colony establishment, as catch boxes cannot guarantee capture.
- If your primary focus is resource management: Ensure you have standard hives and supers ready immediately, as catch boxes are only temporary holding cells.
By treating the catch box as a bridge rather than a destination, you can effectively harness natural wild swarms to build a robust and productive apiary.
Summary Table:
| Feature | Catch Box (Swarm Trapping) | Package Bees (Purchased Stock) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary Goal | Capture local wild genetics | Rapid, guaranteed introduction |
| Cost | Low (uses lures/recycled equipment) | High (purchase and shipping costs) |
| Predictability | Low (depends on local swarm activity) | High (guaranteed delivery) |
| Function | Temporary settlement node | Logistics and transport vessel |
| Key Components | Propolis, wax, and pheromone lures | Wire-mesh cage and queen carrier |
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References
- Dauro Mattia Zocchi, Michele Filippo Fontefrancesco. Expanding the reach: ethnobotanical knowledge and technological intensification in beekeeping among the Ogiek of the Mau Forest, Kenya. DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00409-w
This article is also based on technical information from HonestBee Knowledge Base .
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