Proper preparation of the receiving equipment is the most critical factor in successfully hiving a swarm. You must set up the permanent hive completely before the capture takes place, specifically configuring a standard 10-frame hive body to allow for the rapid and safe introduction of a large mass of bees.
The key to swarm introduction is creating a large physical void within the hive. By removing half or more of the frames from a standard box, you replicate the setup used for package bees, ensuring you can transfer the colony without crushing the insects or causing agitation.
Configuring the Hive Architecture
Adhering to the Package Protocol
Treat a swarm introduction exactly as you would the installation of a package of bees. The principles are identical: you are introducing a confused, homeless population into a new environment that must feel immediately habitable.
The Five-Frame Rule
In a standard 10-frame hive body, you must remove at least five frames prior to the bees' arrival. Do not attempt to introduce a swarm into a box fully populated with frames.
Creating the Landing Zone
Removing these frames creates a large, empty cavity within the box. This space is essential because a swarm is a fluid "clump" of bees that requires significant volume when first poured or shaken into the hive.
Understanding the Logistics
Avoiding Compaction
If you leave all frames in place, the bees will likely pile up on top of the bars. Attempting to force the lid down on a pile of bees will result in crushing them, potentially killing the queen and inciting aggression.
The Speed Factor
Swarm transfer often happens quickly. Having the void pre-established allows you to dump the bees directly into the bottom of the hive and gently replace the frames later, once the cluster has dispersed.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
The Unprepared Apiary
Never capture the swarm first and then attempt to assemble or clear out a hive. The hive must be standing and ready before you leave to retrieve the swarm.
Insufficient Space
Removing only one or two frames is rarely enough. A healthy swarm can be quite large; removing fewer than five frames risks overflowing the gap and complicating the transfer.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
- If your primary focus is rapid transfer: Remove 5 to 6 frames to create a massive target area, allowing you to dump the swarm and close the lid immediately.
- If your primary focus is colony safety: Ensure the void is deep enough so that no bees are crushed between the top bars and the inner cover during closure.
By prioritizing the creation of open space within the hive body, you ensure the swarm accepts its new home with minimal stress or loss.
Summary Table:
| Preparation Step | Action Required | Importance |
|---|---|---|
| Equipment Ready | Assemble full hive before capture | Prevents colony stress and delays |
| The Void Rule | Remove 5-6 frames from 10-frame box | Creates space to pour bees without crushing |
| Architecture | Follow the 'Package Bee' protocol | Replicates a natural, habitable environment |
| Safety Check | Clear landing zone in hive bottom | Protects the queen during initial transfer |
| Closure | Replace frames after bees disperse | Ensures colony organization and structure |
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