Standard Langstroth frames come in three precise depths: Deep, Medium, and Shallow. While the depths vary to serve different hive functions, all standard frames share a uniform top-bar length of 19-3/16 inches. The specific depths are 9-1/8 inches for Deep frames, 6-1/4 inches for Medium frames, and 5-3/8 inches for Shallow frames.
Core Takeaway The standardization of the 19-3/16 inch top bar ensures that any frame fits into any Langstroth box width-wise. However, the varying depths are designed to manage hive weight; Deep frames provide maximum volume for brood, while Medium and Shallow frames reduce the physical load on the beekeeper during honey harvest.
Standardized Dimensions Explained
The Uniform Top Bar
Regardless of the frame's vertical size, the top bar always measures 19-3/16 inches in length.
This dimension includes the "ears" or lugs that rest on the rabbets of the hive box. This universality allows you to move frames between boxes of different depths if necessary (though not ideal long-term), provided the box width is standard.
The Three Standard Depths
The vertical measurement of the frame defines its category. These are the strict industry standards:
- Deep Frame: 9-1/8 inches
- Medium Frame: 6-1/4 inches
- Shallow Frame: 5-3/8 inches
Matching Frames to Hive Bodies
Proper Clearance
Frames are sized specifically to fit corresponding hive bodies (boxes) while leaving necessary "bee space" at the bottom.
A frame is always slightly shorter than the box it occupies. For example, a 9-1/8 inch Deep frame fits into a 9-5/8 inch Deep hive body. This differential prevents the frame from touching the floor or the frames below it, allowing bees to move freely.
Component Compatibility
When purchasing equipment, you must match the frame size to the specific super or hive body name:
- Deep frames require Deep Supers (Brood Chambers).
- Medium frames require Medium Supers (often called Illinois Supers).
- Shallow frames require Shallow Supers.
Understanding the Trade-offs
Deep Frames: Volume vs. Weight
Deep frames offer the largest continuous surface area for the queen to lay eggs, which supports a consistent brood pattern.
However, the trade-off is significant weight. A 10-frame deep box filled with honey and brood can weigh upwards of 80 lbs. This makes them challenging to lift, which is why they are typically reserved for the bottom brood chamber rather than upper honey storage.
Medium Frames: The Versatile Balance
Medium frames (6-1/4 inch) are the modern compromise. They hold a respectable amount of honey or brood but reduce the total box weight to approximately 60 lbs when full.
Many beekeepers now use medium frames exclusively for both brood and honey. This simplifies inventory—you only buy one size of frame and box—but requires more frames to achieve the same total volume as deeps.
Shallow Frames: Ergonomics First
Shallow frames (5-3/8 inch) are the lightest option available.
These are rarely used for brood rearing. Their primary use is for honey supers for beekeepers with physical limitations, or for the production of comb honey, where a smaller frame size is advantageous for harvest.
Making the Right Choice for Your Goal
Selecting the correct frame size depends heavily on your physical ability to lift heavy boxes and your management strategy.
- If your primary focus is brood continuity: Stick to Deep (9-1/8 inch) frames for your bottom boxes to give the queen maximum uninterrupted laying space.
- If your primary focus is weight management: Utilize Medium (6-1/4 inch) frames for your honey supers, or standardize your entire apiary on mediums to keep maximum box weight around 60 lbs.
- If your primary focus is comb honey: Consider Shallow (5-3/8 inch) frames, which are lighter and easier to handle during delicate harvests.
Success in beekeeping comes from standardizing your equipment early to ensure interchangeability as your apiary grows.
Summary Table:
| Frame Type | Frame Depth | Box Depth (Body) | Primary Use | Weight (10-Frame Box Full) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deep | 9-1/8" | 9-5/8" | Brood Chambers | ~80 lbs |
| Medium | 6-1/4" | 6-5/8" | Honey Supers/Brood | ~60 lbs |
| Shallow | 5-3/8" | 5-11/16" | Honey Supers/Comb | ~40-50 lbs |
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